The implementation of Hyangyak and Its Operational Structure by Kim Munhyun, the Governor of Jeolla-do Province in 1893 - Focusing on Namwonbu and Okguhyun -​​

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Author : Han, Mi Ra​​​​​​

Page : 139-172

Abstract   

This paper examined about the background information on implementation of Hyangyak in 1893 by Kim Munhyun, the Governor of Jeolla-do Province and the organization of executives, operation and financial affairs of Namwon Hyangyak and Okgu Hyangyak, which was implemented by his forcible press, based on the data from『Namwonbuhyangyakjeolchaseongchaek』of Namwonbu and『Okgu7myunhyangyakjeolmok』of Okguhyun.

In 1893, It was emphasized to record virtue and vice based on “Sunjukjil” and “Akjukjil” which set the standard of good and evil person, rather than directly punishing as an application of Kwasilsanggyu in the operation of Namwon Hyangyak and Okgu Hyangyak. The emphasis on recording good and bad behavior was also confirmed from a case of hyangyak implemented in Kyungsang-do Province in 1893. In other words, hyangyak, which was implemented at the late 19th century was considered to control and reform hyangchon utilizing the recording of virtue and evil deed as opposed to punishing under the rule of Kwasilsangkyu. Also, the standard of good and bad people was not only a keeping of filial duty and brotherly love, and being a good neighbor but being cautious on heresy, keeping the duty to pay taxes and force labor, and observance of law. There are data remaining related to Hyangyakjun in Okgu Hyangyak. By looking at the data, Hyangyakjun was managed by Byulgeom in Li and the funds collected from Li was gathered by Myun to submit to Dohyangyakso. Moreover, as for Hyangyakjun, the amount of funds collected by each Li differ from one another. This confirms that the fee was collected based on the economic condition of household rather than the same amount was assigned to the members of Hyangyak. In case of Namwon Hyangyak and Okgu Hyangyak, response against Donghak and expenditure of Hyangyakjun can’t be identified due to the limitation in data. Through another case study regarding Hyangyak implemented in other regions of Jeolla-do Province the gap in this research will be completed in the future. 

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 <Key Words>​

Kim Munhyun, Namwon, Okgu, Byulgeom, Lijeong​